Reference

How we score, in plain language

Polipad turns two things — real data about your state's problems, and how candidates are actually doing their jobs — into simple numbers you can compare. Here's what those numbers mean, without the jargon.

Leadership Score (WATT)

Every candidate gets a Leadership Score from 0–100. It's built from how the news describes their leadership — honesty, follow-through, how they handle a crisis — after we account for whether an outlet tends to lean for or against them. A higher score means stronger, better-supported leadership qualities.

“WATT” comes from Washington, Abraham (Lincoln), Thomas (Jefferson), and Teddy (Roosevelt) — the four leaders we used to set the top of the scale at 100.

Effectiveness Score (‘e’)

This is a 0–10 score for how well a candidate could actually solve one specific problem, based on their real record — bills they've sponsored, committees they've served on, years in office. Leadership Score measures character and reputation; Effectiveness Score measures track record on a specific issue.

The problems we track

We track 20 real-world problems in 5 categories: cost of living, healthcare & public safety, government dysfunction, environment & infrastructure, and newer issues like the digital divide and AI. We call this list the MLCP.

The Perception Gap

For each problem, we show two numbers side by side: Problem Intensity — how severe it really is, based on hard government data — and Media Focus — how much the news is actually talking about it. When those two numbers are far apart, that's a Perception Gap — either a real crisis is being ignored, or coverage is making something sound worse than it is.

Glossary of terms

Leadership Score (WATT)

A 0–100 score of a candidate's leadership qualities — things like honesty, follow-through, and how they handle a crisis — built from how the news describes them.

Effectiveness Score (‘e’)

A 0–10 score of how well a candidate could realistically solve one specific problem, based on their actual record: bills sponsored, committees served on, years in office.

MLCP

Short for "Master List of Common Problems" — our name for the 20 real-world problems we track, grouped into 5 categories.

Problem Intensity

How severe a problem really is, based on hard government data (0–100; 50 means "about the national average").

Media Focus

How much — and how urgently — the news is covering a problem.

Perception Gap

The difference between how bad a problem really is and how much attention it's getting. A big gap means either a real crisis is being ignored, or coverage is making something sound worse than it is.

Candidate Matcher

A tool where you set what matters most to you, and we show which candidates' records line up best with your priorities.

PAC

Political Action Committee — a group that raises and spends money to support candidates.

FEC

Federal Election Commission — the government agency that tracks campaign money.

Bipartisan Index

How often a candidate works with, or is supported across, the other political party.